July 23, 1918, saw General Pershing detaching 4750 men from the
85th Division to form the American North Russia Expeditionary Force (ANREF).
This regiment became known as the Polar Bears. The troops had no idea what they
were being sent to do. The men decided on the name "Polar Bears"
during withdrawal from Russia. The men served in frigid temperatures of 40-50
degrees below zero.
The troops traveled to England, through the Arctic Ocean to Archangel Russia, arriving on September 5, 1918. "Once the men arrived in Archangel it was discovered that many were deathly sick with the Spanish Influenza virus, so another 500 officers and men from the other three Infantry Regiments that had gone on to France were transferred to North Russia as replacements, arriving in Archangel on Sept. 30, 1918." (email from Mike Grobbel)
They continued fighting the
Bolsheviks until April, 1919. The Polar Bears arrived home to Detroit on July 3, 1919, seven months after World War I ended. During these seven months, 94
ANREF troops were killed in action. "
The Polar Bears suffered 553 casualties in Russia. 81 deaths were from disease, mostly from the Spanish Flu.
Brief Timeline of the ANREF's Service
July 11-17, 1918 Leave Camp Custer
July 23, 1918 American North
Russia Expeditionary Force (ANREF) is formed.
Aug 25, 1918 Depart for
England
Sept 5, 1918 Arrive
Archangel, Russia
Nov 11, 1918 Armistice Signed
April 1-5, 1919 Final Battle
June 2, 1919 Head for home with
stops in Brest, France and New Jersey or New York
July 3, 1919 Arrive in Detroit
Much has been written about the 339th Regiments time fighting the
Bolsheviks. Family history researchers of this regiment will find wonderful
primary sources available in Michigan. Books, scrapbooks, diaries, manuscripts,
digital images, maps, publications, and more may be found.
Michigan Polar Bear Expedition Resources
A few Michigan resources to look for Polar Bear information can be
found at:
1. Bentley Historical Library,
1150 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 A search using the words Polar
Bears returned 177 results. Since the Bentley Library is a historical library
none of the returns were about the animal polar bear.
a. A Few of the Collections
at the Bentley
i. Polar Bear Association PhotographCollection: photographs commemorating the Memorial Service at the Polar Bear
Memorial, White Chapel Park Cemetery, Troy, Michigan
ii. Polar Bear Project Collection,1918-2019: Documents and correspondence, military discharge papers, and
newspaper clippings. Most of the correspondence is between the library and
family members who felt their soldier was left out of the collection.
iii. Polar Bear Expedition Web Archives:
Over 60 individual collections of Primary source material. These archives are
available online.
iv. Polar Bear Roster: a roster of the soldiers attached to the Polar Bear Expedition.
vi. Polar Bear Digital Collections: over 2000 digital items.
2. Sandusky District Library, 55 Sanilac Road, Sandusky, Michigan 48471. This small-town library in
the thumb of Michigan has excellent genealogy related sources and they are
online for you to explore. The search results doesn't allow me to save the url. To find the two collections below. Go to the library main web page, click on Genealogy, using the left sidebar go to Documents and scroll down for the Schroeder Scrapbook. For the Erickson memorabilia do the same, but click on Pictures on the left side bar.
a. Collections
at the library:
i. Polar
Bear Regiment, William Schroeder, WWI Scrapbook: a 51-page scrapbook filled
with digital images including soldier photographs and letters written by
William.
ii. Polar
Bear Regiment, 339th Infantry, WWI: Mauritz E. Erickson’s
memorabilia including discharge papers, reunion program, journal cover, and
pictures. The pictures show the conditions which the Polar Bears were living in
at the time.
3. Detroit’s Own Polar Bear Memorial Association is “dedicated to the memory of the 339th Infantry
Regiment, the 1st Battalion of the 310th Engineers,
the 337th Ambulance Company, and the 337 Field Hospital of the
U.S. Army’s 85th Division.” (From the “Introduction -
"Detroit's Own" Polar Bear Memorial Association - Grobbel”) This
website is the work of Mike Grobbel, and it is one of the best websites for
Polar Bear research that I have seen.
a. Website
Highlights:
i. Ceremonies
and events of the association
ii. HonorRoll: lists the casualties and cause of death of the soldiers
iii. Military Decorations
iv. Engagements:
a list of battles fought qirh mpa
v. Polar Bear Stories: soldier stories told by the soldier themself or a family member, many include photographs.
vi. Articleand Reference Information: filled with links to information about the Polar
Bear Expedition
vii. PhotoAlbum: 241 photographs from the collection of Casimer “Cash” Nowak, Co. B. 310th Engineers.
Courtesy of his son, Roy Nowak.
viii. More links: many, many links to explore
ix. Books:
books relevant to the Polar Bear Expedition.
4. Michigan Heroes Museum, 1250 Weiss Street, Frankenmuth, Michigan 48734. This museum displays
Michigan soldiers. Some Polar Bear Exhibition artifacts can be found here.
F Fold 3 ($): Fold 3 has records of the Polar Bears. Search by soldier's name, battle name, place, etc. Michigan residents can get online access to Fold 3 with a Library of Michigan card.
AAncestry.com: U.S., Army Transport Service Arriving and Departing Passenger Lists, 1910-1939.
Books about the Polar Bear Expedition
There are many books available to learn more about the Polar Bear Expedition and I urge you to go to the Detroit's own Polar Bear Memorial Association website.
One book that is fully downloadable and available free
from Guttenberg.org is The History of the American Expedition Fighting theBolsheviki, Campaigning in North Russia, 1918-1919.
Polar Bear Memorial
White Chapel Cemetery in Troy, Michigan is the site of the Polar Bear Memorial. It is the resting place of 56 soldiers who were brought home from Russia by a group of Polar Bear members. It was created in 1930.
I have highlighted just a few of the hundreds of resources available for those researching their Polar Bear Expedition ancestors. You will notice a definite Michigan slant because most of the soldiers were from Michigan. Do you have a Polar Bear ancestor? Check out the above resources to find him. Feel free to leave your ancestors information in the comments.